经络中胚层理论
----------现代生理学与哲学研究--------
The Mesorderm Theory of Chinese Channels
(Research on Modern Physiology and Philosophy)

黎天德（Li Tiande）

内容提要

    作者根据自己从事西医，中医和临床针刺麻醉的实践，以及人体解剖学的教学实践，在胚胎发生，进化和哲学方面，深刻阐述了经络的生物学来源和实质，指出经络来源于胚胎的中胚层，经络与血管，内脏和植物神经同时发生同时进化四位一体不可分割，经络的现代医学实质是植物神经反射网络，它是一个生理学概念，而不是一个解剖学概念，应当用现代医学的生物-社会-心理模式认识经络，而不应当用纯生物模式认识经络，在哲学上澄清了经络研究百年来的争论。对国内外的基础医学研究人员,中西医临床医师均有参考和启发意义。

English Version：/theory/acu/200609/1655.html

目录 ( CONTENTS )

INTRODUCTION
一、序言(Preface)
二、经络的历史 (The History of Chinese Channels)
三、经络中胚层理论（The Theory of Chinese Channels)
四、经络与内脏（The Chinese Channels and Viscera)
五、经络与血管（The Chinese Channels and Blood Vessels）
六、经络与植物神经反射，躯体神经反射（The Chinese Channel and Autonomous Nerve Reflex, Somatic Nerve Reflex)
七、经络与腺体（The Chinese Channels and Gland)
八、经络与结缔组织（The Chinese Channels and Connective Tissue）
九、经络的现代生理学研究（The Modern Research on the Chinese Channels）
十、经络的哲学问题（The Philosophy of Chinese Channels ）
十一、经络理论的继承，发展与应用（Inherit, Development, Application on the Theory of Chinese Channels)
十二、经络中胚层理论问答（Q&A on Mesoderm Theory of Chinese Channels)
参考文献（References)

    INTRODOCTION
    The acupuncture, based on Chinese channels (meridian) is the unique therapy of Chinese traditional medicine. What is the Chinese channels ?Mesorderm theory is the answer in modern medicine.
    The main points of mesoderm theory are:
    1) Chinese channels and autonomic nerve, viscera ,blood vessels all at the same time, originated in mesoderm period in embryology and evolution altogether, cannot be separated each other.
    2) the Chinese channels is the physiology conception other than the anatomy conception, in modern medicine, the essentials of Chinese channels is the reflex network of autonomic nerve. In fact , the acupuncture effect is mainly in functional diseases. By means of acupuncture to regulate the function and treat disorder, it is the great invention of Chinese traditional medicine.
    Does any role the somatic nerve in Chinese channels? Yes, but it is a little. Because part of somatic nerve function belonged to viscera in Chinese traditional medicine. The philosophy of Chinese traditional medicine is different from of modern medicine. In former, total or integrate conception (physiology) is always more important than the single organ conception (anatomy),it is the key to comprehend Chinese traditional medicine, Chinese acupuncture Chinese channels.
    Chinese channels is the important part in Chinese traditional medicine. As to the channels essential, last century China and other countries had lot investigations, however, there is no identical understanding so far. The modern anatomy and physiology let us know the biological activities in cell and molecular level, for this reason, we can held that the channels is not the subject we have never seen, contrary, is the subject we have always seen. The problem is not that we lack of practice or experiments, contrary, is that we lack of theory. Today, we need the revolution from practice to theory. Just in it , this paper set the mesoderm theory to study the essential of the Chinese channels.
    Two thousands years ago, the "Internal Classic" said, channels connect viscera in and connect limb out. The channels had another name "channel pulse", it points out that channels deal with viscera and vessels, cannot separated each other, which the mesoderm theory based on.
    ⁽¹⁾In evolution, the most original network nerve system is in hydra. The ladder shape nerve system has two nerve chains in paramecium. ⁽²⁾Somatic nerve is from ectoderm. The autonomic nerve presented in⁽³⁾ mesoderm period while the viscera and vessels presented too. (1).In⁽⁴⁾  human ,autonomic nerve system consist of both sympathetic and ⁽⁵⁾ parasympathetic nerve to harmony all the activities of the body. The research in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1977) by experiments in acupuncture anaesthesia reported the relation between autonomic nerve and channels⁽²⁾.The research of Medical Institute of Fujian Province by means of study in the individual person sensitive to acupuncture ,indicated channels really existed, the different individual sensibility may be dealt with evolution⁽³⁾. The channels mesoderm theory indicated the relation between channels and autonomic nerve, coin to classic channels characters "connect viscera in and connect limb out". Usually, the autonomic nerve, other than the somatic nerve , connects viscera directly. ⁽²⁾In modern physiology, the somatic to viscera reflex and viscera to somatic reflex such as eye to heart reflex belong to autonomic reflex owing to autonomic nerve generally connect viscera, eg, heart. It is the bases of the channels treatment. The research in Medical Institute of Fujian Province pointed out, the conductive velocity of the acupuncture sense is 3cm to 120cm/sec. which is just the conductive velocity of B type and C type nerve fibre, these two kinds of nerve fibre are the main compositions of the autonomic nerve. Contrast, the somatic nerve mainly consist of A type nerve fibre which conductive velocity is faster more than 500cm/sec. ⁽⁴⁾The routes of 12 channels are, in fact, the reflex and functional routes of autonomic nerve discovered by Chinese in numerous clinical surveys. Owing to the wide distribution of autonomic nerve in vessels, and the cross coordination between somatic and autonomic nerve, so that the functional routes of autonomic nerve, ie, the reflex routes ,are different from the vessels and nerve in anatomy, but deal with vessels and nerve in function .It just the Chinese channels.
    ⁽³⁾The channels activities deal with the arc of the autonomic nerve , it has been proved by lot of clinicians. In the "Classic on Febrile Diseases", Taiyang syndrome such as headache, fever, float pulse ,thrill or aversion to wind, sweat or not, all are the reaction deal with autonomic nerve . In modern clinic, the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1966) reported the acupuncture treatment in 62 cases of hyperthyroidism with test of saliva secretion as the index of autonomic nerve activity, as result, the acupuncture role was realized by the regulation of autonomic nerve⁽⁵⁾. Chongqing Medical College reported ,while acupuncture Huantiao point in 10 amputation patients, the acupuncture sense may induced to the last limb. It strongly indicated that the acupuncture sense is the nerve reflex⁽⁶⁾. The theory that Chinese channels is the reflex of autonomic nerve, can help us more correctly to apply channels and acupuncture in clinical treatment.

Li Tiande (黎天德)
E-mail: LTDWZ@yahoo.com.cn

References:
(1) Shanghai 1st Medical College, Medical Biology, Beijing , People's health Publisher,1961.137
(2) China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Investigation of Adrenalin-nerve and Ach-nerve Roles in Acupuncture Anesthesia, National Researches on Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shanghai, Shanghai People's Publisher,1997.495
(3) Medical Institute of Fujian Prov. Chinese Channels and Acupuncture Anesthesia, National Researches on Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shanghai , Shanghai People's Publisher,1977.115
(4) Shanghai 1st Medical College, Physiology, Beijing , People's Health Publisher,1976.32
(5) He Jinsen ,Jin Shubai, Chen hanping ,J. Traditional Chinese Medicine,1996,37(6):366
(6) Chongqing Medical College, National Researches on Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shanghai ,Shanghai People's Publisher,1977.324

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